Rock crusher



C. W. ACKERMANN. R'ocK CRUSHER.

APPLICATION FILED DEC-29. 1919. RENEWED JUNE 12, 1922- 1,424,792.Patented Aug. 8, 1922,

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- ROCK CBUSHER. ED 05.29 19 UNE I2, 1922.

Patented Aug. 8, 1922.

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narrate stares sar it? CLEMENS w. ACKERMANN, or CHICAGO, rLnINo s, Assrelvoa 'ro'rnoeswIr HAND MANUFACTURING COMP NY, or GARLISLE,PENNSYLVANIA, A oaroRArIoN or PE NSYL ANIA.

memes.

Specification of Letters Patent.

ROCK CRUSI-IER.

Patented g. s, 1922.

Application filed December 29, 1.919, Serial No. 347,923., Renewed June12,1922. Serial No. 567,742.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CLnMnNs WV. AC-KER- MANN, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at 1987 Kimball vAvenue, Chicago, in the county of Cookand State of. Illinois, have invented a certain new and usefulImprovement in Rock Crushers, of whichv the following isa full, clear,concise, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, forming a part of this specification. My invention relates torock Crushers, and more specifically to Crushers of the-gyratory type,employing a crushing head which gyrates in a conical crushing chamber,

From the nature of the work the surfaces of the crusher head are subjectto a severe erosion, which necessitates their frequent renewal, and itis the primary objectjof the present invention toreduce the expense anddifficulty involved in renewing these crushing surfaces. The generalpractice atpresent is to construct the crusher head with a removablemantle of manganese steel or the like, which, after considerable wear isremoved as an entirety and substituted by a new mantle.

This practice of renewing the mantle as an entirety is subject to thedisadvantage, however, that the erosion of the mantle is usually notuniformly distributed over the entire surface,-but is more severe andmore rapid at the lower end of the cone. The mantle must, therefore, berenewed after a relatively short period of operation because of theintense erosion of these lower surfaces, while the upper surfaces are incomparatively good condition and capable of giving considerable moreservice. The reason for this non-uniformity of wear of the mantle is dueto severalreasons, particularly to the action of the small pieces ofrock packing into a relatively solid mass in the constricted portion ofthe crusher throat adjacent the lower end of the mantle so that there-isa more continuous breaking action intensified about this end of themantle- It is a secondary object of the present invention to provide animproved construction of sectional mantle which permits of renewal ofthe lower portion of the mantle independently of the upper portionwithout impairing the rigidity and durability of the crusherhead ormantle. A Another obj ect of the invention is to provide animprovedmethod of rigidly locking the plurality of mantle sections together andof rigidly mounting the assembled keys there is no damage done to themantle sections. 7

The manner of practicing myinvention will be more apparent from. thefollowing detailed description, taken. in connection with theaccompanying drawings, in which I have illustrated one preferredembodi.' ment of my invention.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a vertical sectionalfview of a gyratory crusher employing asectional mantle constructed in accordance with my invention; l

Figure 2 is a fragmentary elevational view illustrating a modifiedconstruction of sectional mantle;

Figure 3 is a plan view of the crusher head; I I

Figure'et is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the crusher head; v

Figure 5 is a vertical sectional view of the upper mantle section;

Figure 6 is a similarwiew of the lower mantle section;

Figures 7, 8 and 9 are difierent enlarged views of the preferred form oflocking key, and A Figure 10 is a fragmentary sectional Viewillustratinga modified relation of the looking keys and mantle sections.

The crusher l, which I shall describe briefly, includes the conicalcrushing chamber 2, the feeding hopper 3v and the discharge spout 4E,whichdischarges the crushed rock from the bottom of the chamber 2. Theupper end of a main oscillatory shaft 5 is loosely guided in a playbearing in the hub of a spider 6.- The lower end of the oscillato-ryshaft 5 is mounted, in an eccentric 8, which receives its driving energyfrom the fit over the taper portion 19 of the shaft 5,-

crusher chamber. mantle whlch constitutes the crushing SUI-,7

pulley 9 through the bevel gears 10 and 11. On the shaft 5 is mountedthe conical crushing head 12, theinclined taper .of which in rockaboutthe'lower end of the crusher head, and as a'result, these crushingsurfaces will be more intensely eroded. This action mentii'n the lowerend of the crusher head,

and also because of -the fact that the smaller pieces ofrock are brokenmore by direct compression than by the'action of spanning a portionofthe chamber and beingbroken by bending, as in the upper portion of theThe manganese steel face of the head 12 is divided into upper and'lowersections 15 and 16. Referring to Figure 4;, these sections are mountedon a tapering head center or core 18, wh ch 1s preferably composed ofcast iron or steel.

The mounting of the head center 18 on the shaft 5 may be accomplished inany preferred manner. In the embodiment shown, the head center is boredout on a taper to on which the head center is held by a nut 21 or by anyother suitable means. The head center 18 is preferablykeyed to the shaft5 to prevent rotation of the head center. It will be noted that theintermediate portion of each mantlesection is spacedaway from thetapered center 18, the actual bearing contact of the mantle sections onthe head center being confined to the inwardly pro- "jecting flanges 22and 23 on the upper mantle section 15, and the flanges: 24 and 25 on thelower mantle section 16.

This eliminates an extensive machining operation, as by this arrangementonly the flanges andtheir points of contact on the head center requiremachining. It will be noted from Figures 5 and 6 that the interior ofeach of the mantle sections 15 and 16 is formed. with a plurality oflongitudinal grooves 2627 andalso a. plurality ofannular grooves 28229.The series of longitudinal grooves 26 and 27 are extended through theflanges 22, 23 and 24: and the mantle sections are assembled upon thehead center 18 with these grooves in alignment so that when thejmoltenzinc filler is poured between the mantle sections and head center, itwill permeate down and entirely fill the intervening spaces between themantle sections and core. This filler, which is preferably. of zinc orbabbit constitutes a backing for the portions of the mantle sectionswhich are spaced away from the head center and thus forms a solid unitof the mantle sections and center. It will be apparent that this filler,which is designated 3O, also assists in looking the'two three of thesesets of openings, spaced equi-, I

I distantly about the mantle sections. is accentuated by the greaterrange of move- The two tapers 34 and 35 are formed to converge outwardlyfor the purpose of locking the keys in the openings; this lockingfunction being assisted by the camm-ing action of the'tapered surfacesunder the relative rota tive tendency between'the two mantle sections,which tendsto force'the keys inwardly against the head center. 18. As aresult of the locking relation of the keys there'is no possibility ofany of the keys working out of the mantle openings. The keys are madeslightly smaller than the mantle openings and the intervening spaces areadapted to be filled by the spelter filling 30, as indicated at 36. ofaccurately machining the keys or the looking openings, and furthermore,insures a more rigid mounting of the keys in the openings than wouldeven be possible by machining the same. I

In assembling the mantle for mounting on This construction avoids'thenecessity the head center, the three keys 33are first inserted into theopenings 31 and 32 from the inside of the mantlesections, whereupon themantle is slippeddown'over the head center 18 and the flanges 22, 23,24' and 25 are brought down firmly on the machined surfaces of the headcenter. The spelter filling is then poured between the head .cen-

ter and the mantle sections to join the difl'erent parts into a rigidunit. The mantle is held on the head center by any preferred means, suchas by flowing a filling'of zinc between the top of the mantle and thenut 21 and utilizing this nut for locking the mantle on the head center,or by any other means.

When the erosion of the lower mantle section necessitates its renewal,the mantleas an entirety is first released from the head center byreleasing the nut 21 or whatever locking means is employed for holdingthe mantle in position. The filler does not cohere molecularly to thehead center, nor to the mantle sections, and consequently these can bereleased without any difficulty. After removal of the mantle the filleris released from the mantle sections and the keys are disengaged torelease the mantle sections from each other. A new lower mantle sectionis then substituted and the keys are reinserted. The assembled mantle isthen slipped back over the head center and the spelter filling flowedbetween the two as hereinbefore described.

In Figure 10, I have illustrated a modified relation of the locking keysand mantle sections. In this embodiment the locking openings 31 and 32'are not extended entirely through the walls of the mantle sections, butonly part way, so as to form internal recesses in the sections. The keys33 are inserted in the recesses from the inside of the mantle sectionsand are locked therein by the zinc filler 30. By this construction themantle presents a smooth outer crushing surface and furthermore there isno possibility of damaging the keys or loosening their mounting in thekey openings 31' and 82 by engagement with the rocks on the crusherthroat.

In Figure 2 I have illustrated a modified construction of mantledesigned to rigidly lock the mantle sections together independently ofthe locking keys. To this end the adjoining edges of the two sectionsare formed with cooperating serrations or sawteeth 40, which are held inengagement by the locking keys 33. These serrations or saw teeth areprovided for the purpose of relieving the locking keys of the strain oflocking the sections together against the rotative force created by thecrushing operation, which tends to turn the mantle sections relative toeach other.

It should be noted that by making the locking keys entirely independentof the mantle sections, the loss involved in the breakage of one or moreof these keys is negligible as compared to the loss involved where thekeys are formed integral with one or both of the mantle sections and thebreakage of any one of the keys ruins its corresponding mantle section.It is to be understood, however, that the present form of key may beextensively modified and that the invention is not to be limited to anyparticular formation or construction of these keys.

I claim:

1. In a mantle for a crusher head, the combination of a head center, amantle comprising an upper and a lower mantle section mounted on saidhead center, the adjoining edges of said mantle sections being providedpendent of both mantle sections for locking said sections together, saidlocking key having enlarged end portions engaging in the co-operatingrecesses.

2. In a mantle for a crusher head, the combination of a plurality ofindependent mantle sections, the adjoining edges of said mantle sectionsbeing provided with coincident locking recesses, a separate locking keyindependent of said mantle sections for locking said sections together,said locking recesses being formed with beveled side walls adapted tocooperate with beveled lateral surfaces on said locking key forpositively locking said key against outward displacement.

3. In a mantle for a gyratory crusher head, the combination of an upperand a lower mantle section, a plurality of keys for locking saidsections together, said keys extending between the adjoining edges ofsaid upper and lower mantle sections and engaging in correspondinglyformed key openings in said mantle sections, and a filler between saidkeys and the walls of said openings.

4. In a mantle fora gyratory crusher head, the combination of an upperand a lower mantle section, and a plurality of keys independent of saidsections for looking said sections together, said keys being ofsubstantial figure 8 formation, said mantle sections being provided withcorrespondingly formed openings adapted to coincide for the reception ofsaid locking keys, the ends of said openings terminating intermediatethe ends of said mantle sections and being enlarged to receive the endsof said keys.

5. In a gyratory crusher, a head center, a mantle comprising an upperand a lower mantle section mounted on said head center, said mantlesections having inwardly projecting flanges adjacent their ends forengagement on said head center, a plurality of keys independent of saidmantle sections for locking said sections together, said mantle sectionshaving coincident openings in their adjoining edges for the reception ofsaid keys, and a metallic filler between said head center and saidmantle sections and between said keys and the sides of said openings.

6. In a mantle for a gyratory crusher head, the combination of a headcenter, a mantle comprising an upper and a lower mantle section mountedon said head center, the adjoining edges of said mantle sections beingformed with a continuous series of saw-tooth serrations in meshedrelation for preventing relative rotation between said mantle sections,the adjoining edges of said mantle sections also being provided withcontinuous locking recesses, the ends of which terminate in the body ofsaid mantle end portions having interlocking engage; sections at pointsintermediate the ends of ment in correspondingly formed ends in saidsaid mantle sections, and a plurality of seplocking recesses; V 10'arate locking keys independent of both In Witness Where0f,i I hereuntosubscribe mantle sections for locking said sections to-. my name this26th day of December, 1919. gether, each of said locking keys having areduced intermediate portion and enlarged CLEMENS W. ACKERMANN.

